Diplomasi Iklim Negara-Negara Pasifik dalam Forum Conference Of The Parties (COP): Strategi Tekanan Moral dan Pengaruh terhadap Kebijakan Global
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1234/ssrj.v3i2.73Keywords:
Diplomasi Iklim, Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Keadilan Iklim, Kewirausahaan Norma, COP UNFCCC, Diplomasi Multilateral, Kebijakan iklim AustraliaAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji diplomasi iklim negara-negara Pasifik, khususnya Tuvalu dan Kiribati, dalam forum Conference of the Parties (COP) periode 2021–2024 (COP26–COP29). Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis dengan metode studi kasus dan kerangka Small State Theory, penelitian ini menganalisis strategi tekanan moral yang digunakan sebagai instrumen pengaruh terhadap kebijakan negara besar, terutama Australia. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa negara-negara Pasifik berhasil mengonstruksi legitimasi moral melalui narasi kerentanan eksistensial, membentuk koalisi kolektif melalui AOSIS dan P-SIDS, serta memanfaatkan forum multilateral sebagai arena normatif. Strategi naming, shaming, and framing terbukti efektif meningkatkan biaya reputasi Australia dan berkontribusi sebagai katalisator perubahan kebijakan iklim Australia pasca-2022. Meskipun demikian, pengaruh tersebut lebih dominan pada level normatif dibandingkan perubahan kebijakan material yang substantif, mencerminkan keterbatasan struktural yang masih melekat pada posisi negara kecil dalam sistem internasional.
References
Betzold, C. (2020). Adapting to climate change in small island developing states. Climatic Change, 160(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02531-5
Campbell, J., & Warrick, O. (2023). Climate change and migration issues in the Pacific. Asia
Pacific Viewpoint, 64(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12345
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. (2025). Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union:
The first bilateral climate mobility treaty. https://carnegieendowment.org/ research/2025/09/australia-tuvalu-falepili-union
Carter, G. (2024). A dysfunctional family: Australia's relationship with Pacific Island states and climate change. Australian Journal of Political Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2024.2316098
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2021). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). International norm dynamics and political change.
International Organization, 52(4), 887–917. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081898550789
Hay, J. E. (2013). Small island developing states: Coastal systems, global change and sustainability. Sustainability Science, 8(3), 309–326.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625013-0210-x
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2022). Climate Change 2022:
Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press.
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies. (2025). Tuvalu's foreign policy strategy:
Confronting the climate crisis and the country's existential threat. Intermestic, Universitas Padjadjaran. https://intermestic.unpad.ac.id
IntechOpen. (2025). Small states: A new research agenda.
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/1231852
Kelman, I. (2021). Disaster by choice: How our actions turn natural hazards into catastrophes. Oxford University Press.
Klöck, C., Castro, P., & Michaelowa, K. (2024). Beyond AOSIS: Small island states' participation at COP27. Climate Policy, 24(2), 215–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2023.2287654
Leal Filho, W., Balogun, A. L., Olayide, O. E., Azeiteiro, U. M., Ayal, D. Y., Chavez Muñoz, P. D., ... & Nagy, G. J. (2019). Assessing the impacts of climate change in cities and their adaptive capacity: Towards transformative approaches to climate change adaptation and poverty reduction in urban areas in a set of developing countries. Science of the Total Environment, 692, 1175–1190.
McDonald, M. (2021). Pacific Islands, climate change and security discourse. International Politics, 58(2), 210–227. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-020-00253-1
Morgan, W., Carter, G., & Manoa, P. (2024). Leading from the frontline: A history of Pacific climate diplomacy. The Journal of Pacific History, 59(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2024.2301123
Novikova, I. N. (2022). Small states in international relations: Some theoretical aspects. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 92(Suppl 9), S890–S901. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331622150072
ODI. (2025). COP31: Awkward alliance or promising opportunity? https://odi.org/en/insights/cop31-awkward-alliance-or-promising-opportunity/
Ourbak, T., & Magnan, A. K. (2022). The Paris Agreement and climate governance in small island states. Regional Environmental Change, 22(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01933-0
Pacific Island News Association (PINA). (2022). Australia will bid for 2026 climate summit with Pacific, but will face pressure to do more this year at COP27. https://pina.com.fj
Panke, D. (2020). Small states in multilateral negotiations: What have we learned?
International Politics, 57(3), 456–472. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-019-00199-0
Robert Bosch Stiftung. (2023). Call to action: Rising sea levels – make the future of the Pacific Islands a core priority for Germany's climate foreign policy. https://www.boschstiftung.de
Saleemul Huq, S., Roberts, E., & Fenton, A. (2023). Loss and damage. Nature Climate
Change, 3(11), 947–949. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2046
Social Science Research Journal Vol.2 No.3 Oktober 2025 | 11 Tandfonline. (2024). Australia and Pacific climate diplomacy: Navigating regional tensions. Australian Journal of International Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2024.00001
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2023). Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sessions. https://unfccc.int
University of Melbourne. (2022). Australia hopes to change climate reputation at COP27.
Wendt, A. (1999). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge University Press.
Yin, R. K. (2021). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Sagepublication
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ribi Septiiyanti Septiyanti, Muhammad Andryan Dafriansyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Data License Terms
Choose how a default copyright date is selected for an article. This default can be overridden on a case-by-case basis. If you "publish as you go", don't use the issue's publication date.
